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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/017
1* Senior Const., Asst. Prof., Dr., Microbiology, Technology and Science Dept., Ranyah College, Taif University, KSA.
2 Pharmacy Student, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.
*Corresponding Author: Sherifa Mostafa M. Sabra. Asst. Prof., Dr., Microbiology, Technology and Science Dept., Ranyah University College, Taif University, KSA
Citation: Sherifa M. M. Sabra, Abdulrahman S. K. Alanazi, Abdullah I. R. Alanazi and Badr Mohammed K. Alenezi (2021) Survey Extent Antibiotics and Others Pediatric-intoxication Affected Pediatric-public-health in Saudi-society. J, Biotech.and Bioprocessing 2(2); DOI: 10.31579/2766-2314/017
Copyright: © 2021, Sherifa Mostafa M. Sabra, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 13 December 2021 | Accepted: 15 December 2021 | Published: 01 February 2021
Keywords: antibiotics, pediatric-intoxication; pediatric-public-health; saudi-society; drugs-intoxication; medical prescription
This paper was for "Survey extent antibiotics (As) and others pediatric-intoxication (PI) affected pediatric-public-health (PPH) in Saudi-society (SS)". That showed for age (0-2) year (yr) un-aware parents 70% for drugs-intoxication (DsI) symptoms. Parents 69% using colored and smelled attractive materials, drug 78.2% was used for kid without medical prescription (MP). For age (3-6) yr, 56.8% used Ds of non-MP. Parents 73.1% used their own medicines in front of their kids. In age (7-13) yr, PI showed 5%, it was by parents used same drug for kids represented 45.4%. It was 20.6% noticed new symptoms on their kids and did not go to pediatric Doctor Clinic. PI for age (0-2) yr was 4.3%, AsI was 16.7% that of DsI cases in SS. It was for age (3-6) yr with drugs and other equivalent 11.4%. AsI was 43.4% and non-DsI 57.7%, revealed 21.2% and non-AsI was 21.1%. PI for age (7-13) yr were 54.3% of cases of DsI. That 17.2% was of the AsI cases, One-third of the DsI were considered high, 37.1% non-DsI. That concluded the parents' awareness and education to improve PI reduction. As well they must do not leave different materials closely to kids, to make this difficult to obtain and difficult to use. They must teaching kids the seriousness effects of as and others on their health that will keep PPH in SS. Must recommended "Health Education" for parents to know PI dangerous, decrease PI through MP, consulting Pediatric Doctor, keep chemical materials and drugs away from kids.
kids parents must brought MP as ideal TT, there was a departure from TT by buying medications from pharmacy without MP [1], in KSA, during 2013, it found the possibility for purchased drugs from pharmacies without MP [2], in same year at Riyadh, non-MP among Saudi kids treatments was 43.6% of population [3]. In King Abdullah Int. Med. C., during 2015, the medications miss-used were 57.8% in PS [4]. Kids parent's knowledge, beliefs, behaviour, information sources, adherence, awareness and MP regarding doctors were seriously affected PI [5]. Their geographical background was associated with them and their kids medications use and others materials, that was affected by parents background, education level and culture [6]. The reasons of high prevalence PI were complex; and were in several contributing factors counting kids parents cultural factors, behavioral personality, socio-economic status, and education level [7].
PI in Qassim Region at 2003, was 39% in kids age ≤ 5 yr [8], in Abha city, after one yr affected more in age (2-4) yr [9], while in Tafila, after two yr the more affected were in age (1-5) yr [10]. In King Khalid University Hospital, during 2011, it was 68% for age (0-12) yr [11]. In Dammam after three yr, it was more in age (1-7) yr as 74.8% [12], and in Al Majmaah region, it was 74.4% in age (1-6) yr [13]. In Western KSA, after one year, it was 44.2% for less than 12 yr [14]. In Riyadh, during 2017, was in under age two yr [15], while MOH resulted 53.3% in age (0-4) yr [16]. DsI in Qassim, during 2003, was 42.1% [8], but in Abha after one year, it was 72% [9], so after two yr it was 55% at Tafila [10]. King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, at 2011 was 76.7% [11], in Dammam, at 2014 was 63.2% [12], while after one yr in Western Saudi Arabia was 92.2% [16]. In 2017 was 1.3% [17]; and in Riyadh, after one yr was 70% [15]. Non-DsI in Qassim at 2003 was 57.9% [8], after one yr in Abha was 28% [9], then after two yr in Tafila was 45% [10]. King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, at 2011 was 6.8 % [11], but after four yr in Western Saudi Arabia was 7.8% [14]. In KSA at 2017 was 56.6% [17], after one yr in King Khaled University Hospital Riyadh was 29% [15]. AsI resulted toxicity associated by higher morbidity and morbidity and extended hospitalization [18]. In Tafila, at 2006 was 10.5% [10], but at 2016, in Saudi population was (41-92%) [7]; and MOH, after one year recorded 4.3% [16].
The aim for this work was carried out in a "Survey Methodology", since PI by drugs and others substances which affected PPH. Therefore, the research was focused on the reasons helped PI. The reasons included the role of kid's parents in non-MP purchase, methods of medications keeping, expiration date, and medications recurrence and did not follow the Pediatric Doctor's Consultation in treatment and duration. The others materials were not kept as in safe places and were very ease of access and use by kids. Other factors in PI by substances, which were as the presence of PI substances characters as; attractive colors, odours, an ease way of
reaching and opening. That were affected PPH in SS, so this paper would excreted some benefits.
1. Chosen method: "Survey Methodology" was studies sampling of individual units from population [20-21].
2. Preparation questionnaires: "Reviewed Essential" was of study objectives, (Table 1-3) [22].
Table 4 and diagram 1 showed prevalence of PI in age (0-2) yr, the results showed the participants were 633. Q2 showed large percentage of un-aware parents 70% for DsI symptoms, which affected the speed of PI response to the condition and increased the risk of exacerbation [8-17]. Q8 showed a significant percentage of parents 69% using colored and smelled attractive soap or shampoo to the kids and none presented in safe places and ease to open, which may lead to kids trying to swallow [8-14]. Q9 showed large proportion of drug 78.2% was used for kid without MP, pediatric Doctor Consultation, so caught leading to DsI [8-17]. Q10 showed the most PI materials as fast food, antibiotic, insecticide, clorox, fevadol, food poisoning, antitussive, candy, sodium, eggs and propanol [8-16].
Table 5 and diagram 2 showed prevalence of PI in age (3-6) yr, the participants were 687, Q1 showed who was give medication to kids as descending: Mother (395/687), Parents (168/687), Other (80/687), kids (25/687) and Father (19/687) [5-7]. Q2 was in the percentage of exposure of PI was high and the reasons are many [10-16]. Q3 showed the most PI materials as: chlorine, food poisoning, over dose of tranquilizer drug, collagen, overdose analgesic drug, panadol, fevadol, antibiotic, contraceptive pills, antipsychotic drug, ibuprofen, milk, eggs, expired medicine, expired date suppository, moldy bread, medicine not suitable for age, paracetamol [8-16]. The most important was through the Q7 was a large proportion 56.8% of the use of drugs for this age group of non-MP and this was undoubtedly a risk in terms of PI. Q8 found a large proportion of parents 73.1% used their own medicines in front of their kids and this exposes them to do the tradition of their parents and DsI [1-4].
Table 6 and diagram 3 showed prevalence of PI in age (7-13) yr, the participants were 699, Q1 was yes, the substance have you been as PI by: fast food, fevadol, chocolate, antibiotic, contraceptive pills, metoclopramide, DDAVP, chlorophenramin, dextromethorphan (for could flue), flagyl, clorox, asthma pills, and heart hole medication [8-16]. It was clear, that PI rate in Q1 showed rate of PI was 5%, it indicated the awareness of parents and their understanding of these drugs and PI causes of PI [8-16]. Q4 reveled PI causes, it was that by parents when a son had the same symptoms as his older brother gave him the same medicine without pediatric Doctor Consultation and represented 45.4%. This was a big mistake because of the differences between the two kids in health and speed and strength of response to the drug [1-7]. Q10 was about 20.6% of those who noticed new symptoms on their kids and did not rush to go to the pediatric Doctor clinic. These symptoms may be the result of an unknown drug I. It might cause problems for the kid if he did not go directly to pediatric Doctor Clinic [1-4].
Table 7 showed prevalence of PI types, the percentage for age (0-2) yr was low and did not exceed 4.3%, and most cases of non-DI. The high percentage of parents who interested in giving treatment to the kid at the specified time and often mother consulted Pediatric Doctor before Ds uses, while breastfeeding the child led to reduced PI. The high rate of non-DI poisoning might be due to the high proportion of parents to use soap and shampoo, with attractive smell color and presented in un-safe places to kids and weakness of control from parents as it had the largest role. AsI was only 16.7% of cases of DsI for kids in SS [5-7]. It was the rate of infection for age (3-6) yr with drugs and other equivalent to 11.4%, which is an average percent. It was also rate of AsI was 43.4% and the ratio of non-DsI was 57.7 as undoubtedly high rates. In this study of DsI, that found half of this percentage was infected with AsI as 21.2%, while non-AsI was 21.1% [8-16]. Through this study, most of the PI cases for age (7-13) yr came from DsI. There were approximately 54.3% of cases of DsI. There was a relatively low proportion of non-DsI. There were 17.2% of the cases of AsI, which accounted for approximately one-third of the DsI and were considered high. There were also 37.1% by non-DsI [9-15].
Through the previous results, that found different materials had a significant impact on kids and often lead to PI. So the parents' awareness and education should therefore be improved to reduce PI, do not leave different materials close to the kid reach. Making the different materials difficult to obtain and difficult to use in addition to teaching kids the seriousness effects of different materials on them healthily, that will keep PPH in SS.
Must use "Health Education" for parents to know the dangerous of PI, also decrease PI through MP, consulting Pediatric Doctor, keep chemical materials and drugs away from kids.
All thanks for all persons helped in this paper.
That hope to investigate the "Health Education" of parents regarding PI, so it caught determine the shortfall that must avoided.
It was on authors.
There was no conflict to this research as it completed all aspects of the survey and did not contrary to any of the correct methods and there was no subject in the same way.
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